The Helmet is your Manpower, just pass your mouse above this to see.
To improve manpower, you need to build barracks in provinces with an already hight manpower level, to make the bonus higher. To see wich provinces are the best to build, click in Province List (right of your screen) and then click in Manpower, to sort your provinces by this number.
For the other resources, you need to build infrastructure, industries and ports in provinces that produce what you need. You can also buy it in market (click in Show Market in the top of your screen) or invade your enemies 
(but the provinces you invade won't be Core Provinces, so you will have a 75% penalty in production).
Good luck!
